Kernel Compilation

Steps to compile kernel - Redhat 9 (download all package from net)

Install dependencies

kernel-source-2.4.20-8.i386.rpm -------download

binutils-2.13.90.0.18-9.i386.rpm -------download

glibc-kernheaders-2.4-8.10.i386.rpm -------download

cpp-3.2.2-5.i386.rpm -------download

gcc-3.2.2-5.i386.rpm -------download

glibc-2.3.2-11.9.i386.rpm -------download

libgcc-3.2.2-5.i386.rpm -------download

glibc-common-2.3.2-11.9.i386.rpm -------download

glibc-devel-2.3.2-11.9.i386.rpm -------download

Download separately for graphic menu

ncurses-devel-5.3-4.i386.rpm -------download

ncurses-5.3-4.i386.rpm -------download

Once these all dependencies are installed:

1) Go to /usr/src/linux-2.4/

2) edit Makefile [Top-Level] parameter EXTRAVERSION=-8champu

3) make mrproper [delete the .config] architecture

4) cp /usr/src/linux-2.4/configs/kernel-2.4.18-i686.config [see uname -m] /usr/src/linux- 2.4/.config or simply or cp -p configs/kernel-2.4.18-i686.config .config

5) make oldconfig - To update the .config with running kernel parameters

6) make config / make menuconfig (for Text) / make xconfig - make

necessary changes – enable ntfs – disable sound & bluetooth

7) make dep - checks dependecies & construts MAKEFILE.

8) make clean - cleans unwanted files form memory loaded by above

commands.

9) make bzImage - Actual kernel compilation process

10) make modules – Actual KLM compilation process

11) make modules_install #check in /lib/modules/2.4.20-8champu/

12) cp /usr/src/linux-2.4.20-8/arch/i386/boot/bzImage

/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.20-8champu

13) cp /usr/src/linux-2.4.18-14/System.map

/boot/System.map-2.4.20-8champu

14) cp /usr/src/linux-2.4.20-8/.config /boot/config-2.4.20-8champu

[OPTIONAL]

15) mkintrd /boot/initrd-2.4.20-8champu.img 2.4.20-8champu

16) vi /etc/grub.conf #Add the new customized kernel entries

title REDHAT 9champu (customized)

root (hd0,8)

kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.20-8champu ro root=/dev/hda11 rhgb quiet

initrd /initrd-2.4.20-8champu.img

note – hd0,8 for boot partition - (/dev/hda9 -1=hda8) (/de/hda11 is “/”)

17) reboot

How to configure the IP address

At the command prompt type /sbin/ifconfig to see what the IP address is, and other information on your network card.

There are two sections - eth0 and lo.

· Eth0 is information about your network card. The 2nd line in the eth0 section shows you the IP address assigned to that network card (in this case it's 192.168.1.2).

· lo is information about the loopback device (we won't go into this here).

Use /usr/sbin/netconfig to configure your network card.

You should get a GUI like this....

If you wish to continue, press ENTER.

You will get a window where you can enter the address you want....

Check Use dynamic if you want your IP address assigned automatically. I recommend leaving it unchecked at this stage.
Type in an IP address
The netmask of 255.255.255.0 should work
Enter the IP address of the gateway you use, if you use one.
Enter the IP address of the DNS nameserver you wish to use.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Practice of kernel compilation

[root@localhost root]# ls /boot/

boot.b kernel.h module-info-2.4.20-8 vmlinuz

chain.b lost+found os2_d.b vmlinuz-2.4.20-8

config-2.4.20-8 message System.map

grub message.ja System.map-2.4.20-8

initrd-2.4.20-8.img --------inited file version

vmlinux-2.4.20-8 ------my kernel version

Kernal dependencies

binutils-2.13.90.0.18-9.i386.rpm | cpp-3.2.2-5.i386.rpm |

gcc-3.2.2-5.i386.rpm | kernel-2.4.20-8.src.rpm

glibc-2.3.2-11.9.i386.rpm | kernel-source-2.4.20-8.i386.rpm

glibc-common-2.3.2-11.9.i386.rpm | libgcc-3.2.2-5.i386.rpm

glibc-devel-2.3.2-11.9.i386.rpm | glibc-kernheaders-2.4-8.10.i386.rpm

ncurses-devel-5.3-4.i386.rpm | ncurses-5.3-4.i386.rpm ---for graphic menu

[root@localhost soft]# rpm -ivh kernel-source-2.4.20-8.i386.rpm

warning: kernel-source-2.4.20-8.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID db42a60e

error: Failed dependencies:

gcc >= 2.96-98 is needed by kernel-source-2.4.20-8 -----need gcc

[root@localhost soft]# rpm -ivh gcc-3.2.2-5.i386.rpm

warning: gcc-3.2.2-5.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID db42a60e

error: Failed dependencies:

binutils >= 2.12.90.0.7-1 is needed by gcc-3.2.2-5 ------need binutils, cpp, glibc-devel

cpp = 3.2.2-5 is needed by gcc-3.2.2-5

glibc-devel >= 2.2.90-12 is needed by gcc-3.2.2-5

[root@localhost soft]# rpm -ivh binutils-2.13.90.0.18-9.i386.rpm -----installed dependencies.

warning: binutils-2.13.90.0.18-9.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID db42a60e

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:binutils ########################################### [100%]

[root@localhost soft]# rpm -ivh cpp-3.2.2-5.i386.rpm ---------installed dependencies.

warning: cpp-3.2.2-5.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID db42a60e

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:cpp ########################################### [100%]

[root@localhost soft]# rpm -ivh glibc-devel-2.3.2-11.9.i386.rpm

warning: glibc-devel-2.3.2-11.9.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID db42a60e

error: Failed dependencies:

kernel-headers is needed by glibc-devel-2.3.2-11.9 ----------need kernel header

kernel-headers >= 2.2.1 is needed by glibc-devel-2.3.2-11.9

[root@localhost soft]# rpm -ivh glibc-kernheaders-2.4-8.10.i386.rpm—install dependencies.

warning: glibc-kernheaders-2.4-8.10.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID db42a60e

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:glibc-kernheaders ########################################### [100%]

[root@localhost soft]# rpm -ivh glibc-devel-2.3.2-11.9.i386.rpm -------installed dependencies

warning: glibc-devel-2.3.2-11.9.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID db42a60e

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:glibc-devel ########################################### [100%]

[root@localhost soft]# rpm -ivh gcc-3.2.2-5.i386.rpm -------installed dependencies

warning: gcc-3.2.2-5.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID db42a60e

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:gcc ########################################### [100%]

[root@localhost soft]# rpm -ivh kernel-source-2.4.20-8.i386.rpm ---installed Kernel

warning: kernel-source-2.4.20-8.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID db42a60e

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:kernel-source ########################################### [100%]

[root@localhost soft]# rpm -ivh ncurses-devel-5.3-4.i386.rpm ---installed separately

warning: ncurses-devel-5.3-4.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID db42a60e

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:ncurses-devel ########################################### [100%]

[root@localhost soft]# rpm -ivh ncurses-5.3-4.i386.rpm ---installed separately

warning: ncurses-5.3-4.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID db42a60e

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:ncurses-devel ########################################### [100%]

[root@localhost soft]# cd /usr/src/linux-2.4 -----------Go to /usr/src/linux-2.4/

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# ls

arch COPYING CREDITS Documentation fs init kernel MAINTAINERS mm README Rules.make tmp_include_depends

configs COPYING.modules crypto drivers include ipc lib Makefile net REPORTING-BUGS scripts

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# vi Makefile -edit Makefile -------give Kernel Name.

(parameter EXTRAVERSION=-8champu

VERSION = 2

PATCHLEVEL = 4

SUBLEVEL = 20

EXTRAVERSION = -8ROCK --------------------change Kernel name ( like – ROCK)

wq!

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# make mrproper [delete the .config] architecture

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# pwd --------current location

/usr/src/linux-2.4

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# cd configs/ ------go to configs file and copy .config

[root@localhost configs]# ll

total 544

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 44252 Mar 14 2003 kernel-2.4.20-athlon.config

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 44253 Mar 14 2003 kernel-2.4.20-athlon-smp.config

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 53868 Mar 14 2003 kernel-2.4.20-i386-BOOT.config

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 44438 Mar 14 2003 kernel-2.4.20-i386.config

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 44379 Mar 14 2003 kernel-2.4.20-i386-smp.config

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 44291 Mar 14 2003 kernel-2.4.20-i586.config

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 44278 Mar 14 2003 kernel-2.4.20-i586-smp.config

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 44402 Mar 14 2003 kernel-2.4.20-i686-bigmem.config

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 44309 Mar 14 2003 kernel-2.4.20-i686.config

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 44361 Mar 14 2003 kernel-2.4.20-i686-smp.config

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 44194 Mar 14 2003 kernel-2.4.20-x86_64.config

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 44209 Mar 14 2003 kernel-2.4.20-x86_64-smp.config

[root@localhost configs]# cp kernel-2.4.20-i386.config /usr/src/linux-2.4/.config --copy kernel-2.4.20-i386.config file and .config name given

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# cp -p configs/kernel-2.4.20-i386.config .config ---

[root@localhost configs]# cd .. -----back to dir

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# l. ------check hidden files form Path: /usr/src/linux-2.4

. .. .config --------------------------file copy successfully

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# make oldconfig -----To update the .config with running kernel parameters

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# make menuconfig------------------make necessary changes

Select from menu base (Toot utility )– enable ntfs – disable sound

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# make dep -checks dependencies & constructs MAKEFILE.(same as ./configure file )

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# echo $? -----to check command run successful

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# make clean -cleans unwanted files form memory loaded by above

commands. (It’s clean to junk files)

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# l. -----------------After changes create below updated files

. .. .config .config.old .depend .hdepend .version

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# make bzImage -Actual kernel compilation process (It’s Create Kernel) Importance file

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# make modules - Actual KLM compilation process Importance file (it’s create kernel drivers)

[root@localhost boot]# cd /usr/src/linux-2.4/arch/i386/boot

[root@localhost boot]# ls

bbootsect bbootsect.o bbootsect.s bootsect.S bsetup bsetup.o bsetup.s bzImage compressed install.sh Makefile setup.S tools video.S

[root@localhost linux-2.4]# make modules_install -#check in /lib/modules/2.4.20-8 2.4.20-8ROCK/ create kernel file

[root@localhost modules]# ls /lib/modules/

2.4.20-8 2.4.20-8ROCK ----------------------------cheated update kernel name

[root@localhost modules]# cp /usr/src/linux-2.4.20-8/arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.20-8ROCK (copy kernel file “bzImage” give vmlinuz-2.4.20-8ROCK file name.)

[root@localhost boot]# cd /usr/src/linux-2.4/arch/i386/boot -----go to this path

[root@localhost boot]# ls

bzImage ----------------------copy this kernel file and paste to /boot/ path and given

updated kernel 2.4.20-8 2.4.20-8ROCK

[root@localhost boot]# cp bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.20-8ROCK ---copy kernel files\

[root@localhost boot]# cp /usr/src/linux-2.4/System.map /boot/System.map-2.4.20-8ROCK

[root@localhost boot]# cp /usr/src/linux-2.4.20-8/.config /boot/config-2.4.20-8ROCK ----copy manul file of kernel (.config-2.4.20-8ROCK )

[root@localhost boot]# mkinitrd /boot/initrd-2.4.20-8ROCK.img 2.4.20-8ROCK ----(create initrd file) (need for mount, dev, ext drivers, etc) IMP

[root@localhost boot]# ll

root root 44309 Mar 14 2003 config-2.4.20-8

root root 36384 Jan 12 15:06 config-2.4.20-8ROCK ---updated manual file

root root 1024 Jan 12 2016 grub

root root 253217 Jan 12 2016 initrd-2.4.20-8.img

root root 248674 Jan 12 15:21 initrd-2.4.20-8ROCK.img ----new updated initrd file

root root 19 Jan 12 2016 System.map -> System.map-2.4.20-8

root root 520129 Mar 14 2003 System.map-2.4.20-8

root root 526436 Jan 12 15:12 System.map-2.4.20-8ROCK---updated map file

root root 3193503 Mar 14 2003 vmlinux-2.4.20-8

root root 16 Jan 12 2016 vmlinuz -> vmlinuz-2.4.20-8

root root 1122186 Mar 14 2003 vmlinuz-2.4.20-8

root root 1103176 Jan 12 15:03 vmlinuz-2.4.20-8ROCK ----updated KERNEL File

[root@localhost boot]# vi /boot/grub/grub.conf - Add the new customized kernel entries

#boot=/dev/sda

default=1 -----------------------change default

timeout=10 -------------------splash screen display time

splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz ----------------splash display image

title Red Hat Linux (2.4.20-8)

root (hd0,0)

kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.20-8 ro root=LABEL=/ hdc=ide-scsi

initrd /initrd-2.4.20-8.img

Update kernel entry added in grup.conf file

title Red Hat Linux (2.4.20-8ROCK)

root (hd0,0)

kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.20-8ROCK ro root=LABEL=/ hdc=ide-scsi

initrd /initrd-2.4.20-8ROCK.img

note – hd0,8 for boot partition - (/dev/hda9 -1=hda8) (/de/hda11 is “/”)

17) reboot

Select 2 kernal

[root@localhost root]# uname -a

Linux localhost.localdomain 2.4.20-8ROCK #1 Tue Jan 12 14:35:56 IST 2016 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

Mount pen drive and test

# mount /dev/sdd /mnt ----------mount pen driver to check NTFS enable or not

Latest version of kernel

2.4.20.8 ------stable version

2.4.21.8 -----beta version

2.4.22.8

3.X ------latest version

4.X

Always download even number of kernel versions

Tushar Jadhav Blog

Tuesday, August 2, 2016

Kernel Compilation

How to configure the IP address

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