KERNEL
[root@Tusharjahdav boot]# ls /boot/
total 23893
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 105195 Nov 21 2013 config-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 1024 Dec 16 01:57 efi
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 1024 Jan 11 02:15 grub
-rw-------. 1 root root 17495471
Dec 16 02:02 initramfs-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64.img
drwx------. 2 root root 12288 Dec 16 01:52 lost+found
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 193758 Nov 21 2013 symvers-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2518236 Nov 21 2013 System.map-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4128368 Nov 21 2013 vmlinuz-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
[root@Tusharjahdav boot]# du -sh vmlinuz-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 -----check
kernel size
4.0M vmlinuz-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
--------------------kernel size
What
this program contain in kernel
---------vmlinuz ---functions ---drivers INFO.----Schedulers -----Information ---etc…
LINUX
DRIVERS INFORMATIONS PATH
[root@Tusharjahdav fs]# ls
/lib/modules/2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64/kernel/fs
autofs4 cachefiles
configfs dlm exportfs
ext3 fat
fuse jbd jffs2
mbcache.ko nfs_common nls
ubifs x
[root@Tusharjahdav fs]# ls /lib/modules/2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64/kernel
arch crypto
drivers fs kernel
lib mm net sound
KO---Kernel Object ----(Kernel
stand for kernel object ) (kernel driver
extension )
Kernel
Drivers = Network Drivers, Video drivers, fs drivers, hdd drivers ,etc.
KLM
-- KERNEL LOADABLE MODULE
LKM
– LOADABEL KERNEL MODULE
.KO
-- KERNEL OBJECT --- (kernel driver
extension)
[root@Tusharjahdav ext3]# ls
/lib/modules/2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64/kernel/fs/ext3
ext3.ko -----------------------(kernel driver
extension)
HOW
TO FIND DRIVER COUNT
[root@Tusharjahdav kernel]# tree | grep -i .ko ----given list of drivers
[root@Tusharjahdav kernel]# tree | grep -i .ko | wc –l ----given count
1286 --------------totol count of drivers
[root@Tusharjahdav kernel]# ls /lib/modules/2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64/kernel-----driver location
arch crypto
drivers fs kernel
lib mm net
sound ---------------drivers.
THERE
ARE 3 TYPES OF KERNEL
1) MONALITHIC MODULAR ----------Used for Linux
2) MICRO KERNEL ----------------------Used for UNIX
3) EXO KERNEL ---------------------------Used for Developers
Linux
used MONALITHIC MODULAR and Linux driver are installed separately
It’s modular drivers are
separately installed and can be load and unload on the flight
UNIX
– MICRO KERNEL ----driver install all programs
under Kernel
If you upgrade drivers in unix
(PATCHING), that case we need to patching the kernel and need to down time.
How
to check KERNEL Supported drivers or Parameters drivers
Example: N/W, NTFS, Fiber card,
Video etc.
We get all the support driver
information under this file (vi /boot/config-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64)
[root@Tusharjahdav
boot]# vi /boot/config-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
CONFIG_X86_64=y
CONFIG_X86=y
CONFIG_OUTPUT_FORMAT="elf64-x86-64"
CONFIG_ARCH_DEFCONFIG="arch/x86/configs/x86_64_defconfig"
CONFIG_GENERIC_CMOS_UPDATE=y
CONFIG_CLOCKSOURCE_WATCHDOG=y
CONFIG_GENERIC_CLOCKEVENTS=y
CONFIG_GENERIC_CLOCKEVENTS_BROADCAST=y
CONFIG_LOCKDEP_SUPPORT=y
CONFIG_STACKTRACE_SUPPORT=y
CONFIG_HAVE_LATENCYTOP_SUPPORT=y
CONFIG_MMU=y
CONFIG_ZONE_DMA=y
CONFIG_NEED_DMA_MAP_STATE=y
CONFIG_GENERIC_ISA_DMA=y ---------------y means enable
CONFIG_GENERIC_IOMAP=y
# CONFIG_NTFS_FS is not set -------------------not supported
CONFIG_VFAT_FS=m------------------------m
means enable
:set
ic - ignore case sensitivity
:set
nu ----set number
/quota -------------to find quota
/cron -------------to find cron
/ntfs -------------to find ntfa
How
to find the installed kernel package
from package
[root@Tusharjahdav /]# rpm –qf
file name
[root@Tusharjahdav /]# rpm -qf /sbin/fdisk
util-linux-ng-2.17.2-12.14.el6.x86_64
How
to find the installed kernel package from package
[root@Tusharjahdav /]# rpm -ql kernel -----------------check kernel driver list
[root@Tusharjahdav /]# rpm -ql
kernel | less -----------check list page wise
/lib/modules/2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64/modules.networking
/lib/modules/2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64/modules.order
/lib/modules/2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64/source
/lib/modules/2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64/updates
/lib/modules/2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64/vdso
/lib/modules/2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64/vdso/vdso.so
/lib/modules/2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64/vdso/vdso32-int80.so
/lib/modules/2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64/vdso/vdso32-syscall.so
/lib/modules/2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64/vdso/vdso32-sysenter.so
/lib/modules/2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64/weak-updates
[root@Tusharjahdav /]# rpm -qa | grep -i kernel ----to check specific file name
abrt-addon-kerneloops-2.0.8-21.el6.centos.x86_64
kernel-headers-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
kernel-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 ---------------------------installed kernel
from this package
kernel-devel-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
dracut-kernel-004-335.el6.noarch
kernel-firmware-2.6.32-431.el6.noarch
libreport-plugin-kerneloops-2.0.9-25.el6.centos.x86_64
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
How
to upgrade kernel package
[root@Tusharjahdav /]# rpm -qa |
grep -i kernel
kernel-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 -------------------check installed package version
Kernel
files download from kernel.org web site
[root@Tusharjahdav
/]# rpm -ivm kernel 2.6.22.18.e.16_64
----whenever update the kernel used ivh (not –Uvh), after upgrade kernel
installed 2nd kernel and if you want to lead 2nd kernel,
just reboot the system and select 2nd upgraded version of kernel
Add
separate entry for new kernel in grup.conf
[root@Tusharjahdav /]# vi /etc/grub.conf
title CentOS
(2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
ro root=UUID=c79924a2-5e11-440d-add6-522144dec58d rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_LVM
LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb
quiet
initrd
/initramfs-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64.img
reboot
Splash
screen --select 2 nd update kernel
new
update kernel boot
how
to update kernel manually and short cut
[root@Tusharjahdav /]# yum update kernel*
How
to update OS
[root@Tusharjahdav /]# Yum update*
How
to check update ----
[root@Tusharjahdav /]# yum check-update
updates/primary_db
|
3.3 MB 00:07
abrt-addon-ccpp.x86_64
2.0.8-34.el6.centos base
abrt-addon-kerneloops.x86_64 2.0.8-34.el6.centos base
abrt-addon-python.x86_64 2.0.8-34.el6.centos base
abrt-cli.x86_64 2.0.8-34.el6.centos base
abrt-libs.x86_64 2.0.8-34.el6.centos base
abrt-tui.x86_64 2.0.8-34.el6.centos
[root@Tusharjahdav /]# yum check-update php ----check specific
package
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
yum --exclude Command Line Option
[root@Tusharjahdav /]# vi /etc/yum.conf ------exclude php and kernel
[main]
installonly_limit=5
bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=16&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum
distroverpkg=centos-release
exclude=php*
kernel* ----------------add this line
# yum --exclude=package\*
update
# yum --exclude=php\*
update
# yum --exclude=kernel\*
update
# yum -x 'kernel*' -x 'php*' update
# yum -x 'kernel*' -x 'php*' update
# yum check-update | grep -i php
# yum
--disableexcludes=all update
# yum
--disableexcludes=main install php
# yum
--disableexcludes=repoid install php httpd
# yum --exclude httpd
update
#yum check-update | grep
-i kernel
# yum check-update | egrep
'php|httpd|kernel'
# yum
--disableexcludes=mongodb update
1.
all : Disable all excludes
2.
main : Disable excludes defined in [main] in yum.conf
3.
repoid : Disable excludes defined for given repo id
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